The Canadian Rockies have been likened to the African Serengeti in terms of the abundance of wildlife! Watch out for bears, cougars, elk and more.
There are so many wild animals inhabiting the Canadian Rockies, you're basically guaranteed to see some of them on any trip there. The most common animal sitings include mountain goats, elk and big-horn sheep, however black bears and grizzly bears are also in abundance.
It's very important to remember that these are wild animals and that every year tourists and visitors to the parks get attacked, and in almost every case it's the tourists fault for not abiding by some simple common-sense rules.
First of all, as already stated, remember that these animals are wild. While you may see a pair of docile looking elk grazing on some grass on the side of the road, that is not an invitation to walk up to them and start snapping photos. They are dangerous animals and will bite and gore people with their antlers if they feel threatened. Never approach closer than 50 feet or 20 meters to these animals if possible. This is especially important for Elk and Bears.
Never hike in the back country on your own. Always go with a partner, or even better a group of 6 or more people. If animals hear you coming, they will leave the area. Most animals, and this is especially true for bears, will feel threatened if they are surprised. This often leads to attacks. Always make noise while traveling, such as clapping your hands, talking, singing, or wearing a 'bear-bell' to help ensure that any animals will hear you coming and clear out of the way.
Always stop at one of the park visitor centres and find out about the latest wildlife warnings. They can tell you if it's mating season, when Elk are particularly dangerous, and will also have reports of any recent grizzly bear spottings. Heed their warnings, as they are there for a reason!
This isn't meant to frighten anyone from hiking and traveling in the Canadian Rockies, however it's meant as a warning to take a few simple pre-cautions and remember that you're in the wild at all times.